The Present Perfect Tense

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The present perfect tense is the time period used to express a situation or event that occurred in the past, whose effects are still ongoing, and whose time of occurrence is not significant. The first condition of learning this subject is to be able to construct sentence structures correctly. The sentence structure should be:

∗ Subject + have/has + past participle verb + object 

At the beginning of the sentence, we choose our appropriate subject. After the subject, we choose the appropriate “Have/Has” helping verb. In the next step, we use the past participle form of our main verb. Finally, we end our sentence by placing the object.

Example: 

1. Mary has gone to Tokyo for her holiday. 

2. I have seen that movie. 

Negative form:

The sentence structure for the negative form of present perfect tense: 

∗ Subject + haven’t /hasn’t + past participle verb + object 

Example: 

1. She hasn’t finished her homework. 

2. We haven’t gone to the new store yet.

Question form:

The sentence structure for the negative form of present perfect tense: 

∗ Have/has + subject + past participle verb + object + ? 

∗ Haven’t /hasn’t + subject + past participle verb + object + ? 

∗ Question word (what, why, where…) + have/has + subject + past participle verb + object + ? 

Example: 

1. Have you been to London? 

2. Hasn’t she accepted the invitation? 

3. Why have you lost your keys?

The present perfect tense is not used with time adverbs like “yesterday, 3 years ago, last year” which define a certain time.

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